Dynamo-electric machine



May 1, 1923.

J. SLEPIAN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Dec a m 0 09 T] 5 m5 N3 m 1 w 5 f 0Y F a 0 JB PM 3 m 7 a o. p E 5 w w 5 3 6 9 3 w 47 4 7; 8 9 4 4 4 3 0 f M M a 7 mi m WITNESSES:

ATTORNEY May 1, 1923. 1,453,410 J. SLEPIAN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE Filed Dec. 1'7, 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 wlT NEsss sz Js l 57 55) JT EWENTOR y 4 J05ep/2 jleplarz WW BY 7 ATTORNEY Patented May 1, 1923.

' UNITED 5mm DYNliJJJIO-EI Application filed Becember To all '21? item a may concern Be it known that l, Josnrn SLEPIAN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of iVillrinsbur in the county of Allegheny and State of ennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Dynamol llectric Machines, of whim the following is a specification.

My invention relates to dynamo-electric machines embodying commutators, and it has for its object to eliminate, during the communicating period, the transformer and the rotational electromotive forces whirl tend to exist in the armature coils undergo ing commutation.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is an illustration of one embodiment of my invention; Figs. 2 and 3 are modifications of the system shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. i is a developed view of the windings embodied in the machine illustrated in Fig.

In a dynamo-electric machine embodying a conimutator and energized by alternating current, electromotive forces are set up in that coil of the armature which 'is about to undergo commutation. One of these forces is occasioned as a result of the changing flux through the field windings of the machine, which flux changes, of course, have the same frequency as that of the current with which the machine is supplied. It is, therefore, apparent that, during the period of commutation, the coil which is short circuited by a brush is in the most favorable position to embrace a maximum number of the changing lines of field flux and, therefore, a considerable electromotive force is established in such short-circuited coil. T he existence of the electromotive force in ques tion leads to considerable sparking, when the brushes leave the segments to which the sho-rt-circuited coils are connected,

l'n single-phase commutator machines, especially those having salient poles, the transformer electromotive force is the greatest source of commutator difficulties, and it is one of the objects of my invention to provide means whereby during the period in which an armature coil is being short circ-uited, the field winding which embraces substantially the same peripheral dimcnsions as does the armature coil undergoing commutation, has the flux therein held sub stantially constant. In other words, the flux change through the field winding is reduced r, isle. Serial No. 345,549.

to zero and, therefore, no transformer electromotive force is set up in the short-circuited armature coil.

Turning now to the consideration of polyphase commutator machine I find that the voltage induced in a coil'on the rotor member oi a polyphase machine may be resolved into two components; one, the voltwhich wouli be induced therein, considering the coil as standing still, that is, the transformer electromotive force which results from the rapid change of the magnetic flux linking the short-cii'cuited coil; and

W0, the voltage which would be induced in the coil it the magnetic flu): was monieu arily constant and unchanging, and the coil at that time was rotated in the consequent constant field.

1 addition, hereii orc, to providing means whereby the ux chan e in the field win or; embracing the armatu e coil under conimunication is reduced to ZGLO, l find it necessary to provide also means whereby the electromotive force vhich set up in that an mature coil on account of its rotation in the constant field shall be likewise reduced to zero. The last-named result is accomplished by so arranging i l the a mature circuits oi the machine that, when a coil thereof is undergoing commutation, the sides of that coil or those portions whica tend to cut perncndicularly across the field flux, are disphsed within a nd of zero iii-agnetic flux. li ith tl .s last arranger-lent embodied in machine, the rotational electroinotive force reduced to zero, since the si .es of the armsture coil will he cutti through a region oi? Zero flu during the ine that the particular coil in question is short circuited.

In practicing my invention, 1, turtlierm ore, find it desirable and necessary to so arrange the coinmutated winding, the coi'niautator segments. and the brushes bear" thereupon, that but two of said segments, or. in

other words, one oi aid armature coils, short circuit ed at a v one instance. By arranging the cir( of my machine, it o'i' course, somewhat more simple to obtain the requir 'l :acro duh: change, inasmuch as but one coil in the armature need be considered any one time. However, a: will iereiua'iiter appear troin the nature of. some ot the appended claims, I ind that, vcu thong the this: chun e is not reduced to ii zero, the provision ct circuits and commutator segments related thereto in such manner that but one armature coil is short circuited at any one instant, results in greatly improved operation. I believe, therefore, that this specific disposition of the armature coils, commutator segments and brushes is a wholly novel and beneficial method of reducing, to a large extent, those commutation difiiculties which have heretofore been present in machines of the characte describe-:1 because of the tendency for excessive sparking to occur therein. It is apparent that, with an arrangement wherein the sparking is reduced, the tlash-ovar tendency whicu has heretofore been present in an extreme degree is substantially =1 ninated.

As will hereinafter more fully appear in connection with the detailed iilescriptioa of the various embodiments of my invention, I reduce the flux change through the predeteri'ziined field winding by so arranging auxiliary switching means that the lield winding in question is short circuited during the time that the armature coil which is cur braced by the flux threading therethrough is undergoing commutation. To those skilled in the art, it will be apparent that it is practically in'ipossible to cause a change cl flux through a short-circuited coil, and. therefore, the change of flux through the field member will be prevented.

Another advantage which is incilent to the arrangement of the circuits in a machine embodying my invention is the facility and effectiveness wherewith the sparking tendency above referred to transferred to an auxiliary commutating member which I utilize as the switching means. above referred to, to short circuit the field windings at predetermined times. In commutator machines, as heretofore employed, it has been a matter of difiiculty to properl associate therewith spark-suppressing devices. for reasons which will be known to those skilled in the art.

However, when the auxiliary commutator or switching means, above referred to, employed, the sparking tendency is ex"- hibitcd across a portion of the apparatui' v where the voltage negligible, and. there fore, even though sparking would tend to exist because of the rapid connecting;- an disconnectin; of the short-circuit with and from the field v. ml' simple matter to so associate with the auxiliary-comniutatonspark-suppres ing means that the commutation of the machine aggregate, as a whole, is substantially free tron: this diliiculty. .lt substantially impossible. therefore, for flash-over to take place with a machine embodying the auxiliary com n iutator.

In the embodiment ot' my in ention illus trated in Fig. 1, a comaiutator-machine aggregate comprising two series-connected.

single-phase, series, commutator machines land 2, is shown. Mounted on a shaft 3 are rotor members 4: nd 5 connected to commutator segments -6 and 7-7, respectively. Field windings b-$l and ll-l l influence the rotor windings l and 5, respectively, while brushes l2-l2 and '13 l 3 bear on the commutator segments (1-4 and 7-T, respectively.

At this point, it may be noted that the rotor meinlner fl: and its associated commutator segments (5-(S are so displaced, at the time shown, with respect to the other rotor member 5 which is rigidly mounted upon the shaft 3, that the brushes 12 are short circuitingarmature coils while the brushes 13 are mid-way bet ween the points at which they likewise will short circuit armature coils.

An auxiliary switching means '14, here shown as embodying a substantial commutator construction, likewise mounted rigidly upon the shaft 3 and operates to effect the short circuiting of the various field wind ng, at prcdcterminml times. The member 14 comprises conducting segments l5-15 and non-conductin g segments 16-16. the conducting segments 15 being connected together by an internally-disposed annular ring of conducting n'iaterial 17. Brushes 18 and 19 bear upon the outer periphery of the member 14, and a brush 20 coacts with the annular conducting member 17. As shown, the brushes l8 and '19 are so disposed that they alternately ccact with one of the conducting segments 15, but it is to be understood that they, at no time, are both touching one of said conducting segments.

A shunt path is established around the field wina'iing 8*9 by leads 21 and 22, the lead being connected to the brush 18 and the lead being connected to the brush 20. It will be understood that, in the position of the apparatus shown, the field circuit 89 is short circuited through the lead 21. the brush 18. one of the segments 15. the ring 17, the brush 20 arid the lead Likewise, a shunt path is established around the field winding 10- 11 by a lead 213 and the lead 22. the last-named lead being common to the two field winding connections and the lead 2?) being connected to the brush 19. lVhen the shaft 3 is so rotated that two of the segments 7- 7 have been connected together by the brushes l3. the member 14 will also have rotated to such a position that the la-ush l9 bearing upon one of the commutator segments l5. and, therefore. the shunt path around the field winding l0ll will be con'ipleted through the lead 23. the brush 19. segments 15, ring 17, brush 20 and lead 22.

The operation out the above-described machine as "follows: lVhenever the brushes :2 short circuit coils of the rotor member the field winding 8 9 is short-circuited llil through the proper positioning of the elements on the auxiliary commutator 14c. and, in the same manner, when the segments 7--T onthe other commutator are short-circuitel by the brushes 18, the field winding 10 11 will be short circuited.

Inasmuch as the field windings embracing the flux which is threading the short circuited armature coil, a e, in each case. short-circuited during the commutation ot the associated coil, no flux change can talre place therethrough. Consequ nt y. no transformer electromotive force is established and no excessive sparking is occasioned upon the approach to, and the departure from, the short-circuited segments, by the brushes.

All of the sparking tendency is trans ferred, in the above machine aggregate, to the auxiliary commutator 1%, and it will be observed that the normal voltage across either the brushes 18 or 19 and the brush 20 is negligible and, therefore, what sparking tendency does exist may be suppressed by suitably disposed spark-suppressing means 24 and 25, here shown as comprising condciu sive and resistive elements.

While the above-described embodiment of my invention illustrates, in the most simple manner, the disposition of the various elements utilized therein, I find that, for sin glen phase operation, the machine illustratciil in Fig. 2 affords a very compact and etiicicnt structure. The machine herein illustrated comprises a rotor member 26 provided with, and connected to, commutator "rents 27-27 upon which bear brushes 28,

and 31. Field windings 32, 323, 34 and are adapted to influence the rotor winding 26. A shaft 36 is provided for the machine and a commutator member 37 is likewise secured thereto, the latter comprising conducting segments 3939 and insulating see; ments 38-38. Brushes all, 451, 4-2, e3, i and 45 bear upon the commutator 37 and are connected, by hereinafter described leads, to the field windings-for purposes to be described. Energy for the operation of the machine is derived from a single-phase source, asshown.

I will now describe the remaining; nnmentioned circuits and arrangement of my machine ag'gregate in connection with a statement of the operation thereof, Primarily, it should be observed that the segments 2? are of such number and are so related to the positioning of the brushes to 31 inclusive that no more than two ot the segments shal be connected together at any one insta am it should, furthermore, be noted that th connection of the segments is progressive, in the direction of rotation of the machine. 0t course, the positioning of the brush-es is only illustrative, since it is impossible to properly illustrate, in a figure of this character, a drum winding such as connnonl used in machines of this type, the ring winding, as shown, lending itself more readily to illustration and explanation.

A; the moment assumed, the brush 2% is connecting; two segments together and is therefore short circuiting an armature coil or coils. The flux which this short-circuited portion of the armature winding; embraces is assumed to be the flux which is set up by. and threads through, the field winding; 32. In order, therefore, to insure that no t a tormer electromotii'e force shall be set up in the armature coil during: the time it is undergoing commutation, it is necessary that the fin change t lfOUQ'll the field winding 32 be reduced to zero, or, in other words, that the "flux therein be maintained constant at subst: itially the value which it has at the instant the brush begins to short circuit the armature coil in question.

Reads 4:? and 16,, from the respective terminals ot the field coil 32, are connected to tie brushes and 42, the latter being". at. the instant, shown connected together by one of? the segments 39. Consequently. a shunt path is established around the field coil 32, and the same is short circuited. Therefore, it is impossible for the flux threading therethrough to change and, since the thin remains constant on account o? the operation of Lenzs Law, no transformer electromotive force is set up in the armature coil undergroin commutation. in a like manner, the brushes 4-0 and f ll establish shunt path around the field winding); 33 through a lead 48 and the lead LT, during); the time that the two commutator segments-i which are approaching connection through the brush 29 are short circuited.

The brushes 4?, 44; and 45 operate, in a like manner. with the rotating commutator 37 to establish shrnt paths around the field windings 34i a d 35 at the predetermined proper times through leads 49, 50 and 51. As in l, spark-suppressing means 2% and 25 are associated with the proper circuits in 2.

in connection w th the above-described machine, it should be observed that. even it the transtormer clcctromotive Force were no; eliminated by the short circuiting of pre determined field windings, the positioningof the brushes so that not more than one armature coil be short circuited at any one instant, results in a commiitator-machine structure in which the sparking" and subsequc dash-over tendency are reduced to a niii..uini. This feature I believe to be broadly new in machines o't this character and die subject oi proper sub-coml'iination claims.

Turning now to the embodiment o'l my invention in polyph =e commutator machines another disturbii. element must be considered and eliminated, that is, the heretofore described existence of rotational electromotive force in the armature coil undergoing commutation on account of the sides thereof passing through the bands of flux during the commutation. This additional problem arises in connection with machines of a polyphase character because of the present methods of positioning the lield winding thereof.

As shown in Fig. 3, a polyphase machine. provided with a continuous field winding 52 and an armature winding 53, the latter being connected to commutator segments 54.. Brushes 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 and (30 are so related to the segments 54: that the same advantages are present with respect to the non-connection of more than any two com mutator segments at one instant, as were described in connection with Fig. 2, and it will be noted that the brush 55 is, at the instant shown, short circuiting two of the commutator segments. The two segments which are short circuited are connected to a portion of the armature winding which is assumed to embrace the same field flux as is threading through a portion of the field winding indicated at 55. Here, again, the ring winding has been used for purposes of illustration only, and it should be understood that, with the drum type of winding. the short circuited coil may extend one hundred and eighty electrical degrees or ninety mechanical degrees, to the right of the segments short circuited by the brush 55. and, therefore, that the flux threading therethrough is set up by substantially one quarter of the entire field winding.

Proceeding around the field winding in a counterclockwise direction, that is, in the di rection of rotation of the machine, I have designated the successive portions of the field winding which embraces the same fiux as the armature coils which are short circuited by the brushes 56 to 60, inclusive, by the corresponding numbers primed.

The machine is provided with a shaft 61 upon which is mounted an auxiliary commutator 62 comprising conducting segments and insulating segments 64-64l. For simplicity of illustration, I have shown two of the field portions as capable of being short circuited, but it will be understood that the remaining connections may be supplied and that, therefore, I am not limiting my invention to what is illustrator.

Brushes 65-65 are shown, at the instant assumed, as connected together through a segment of the commutator 62, and it will be observed that they fuiurtion to establish a shunt path around the portion 55 of the field winding. whereby the flu); change through that portion of the winding is re duced to zero and the tendency for a transformer electromotive force to be established in the armature coil, which is short circuited by the brush 55, is eliminated. At a predetermined time later, the brush 56 Will short circuit two segments and, therefore, it is necessary, at the same time, to short circuit the portion 56 of the field Winding, and this is accomplished through suitable connections and brushes ()6. The other portions of the field winding are progressively short-circuited as the corresponding brushes short-circuit portions of the armature winding.

In Fig. 4, I have shown the field winding circuit and the armature circuit in a developed form, in order to more clearly illustrate the manner in which I propose to eliminate the rotational electromotive force which,

as hereinbefore indicated, exists in the shortcircuited armature coil by reason of its passage through a field of constant flux during the commutation period.

The field winding 52 is illustrated as comprising a winding lying in slots as shown, and, for simplicity, the only connections between the conductors in the various slots are the short circuiting connections which have heretofore been described, the various portions of the field winding being designated by the same reference numerals as were used in Fig. 3.

The armature winding 53 is also shown in a developed form but only seven coils have been shown, this number being sufficient for illustrating the principle of the invention, The coils in question are connected to the proper commutator segments and these commutator segments are, in turn, shown as co operating with brushes to 60 inclusive. Arrows indicate that the auxiliary commutator 62 and the armature Winding 53, with its associated commutator segments, move in the direction indicated. As shown, the brush is short circuiting one armature coil, and the brush 56 will be the next one to so function. The segment 63 on the auxiliary commutator 62 is shown as connecting together the brushes 65, which are instrumental in short circuiting the portion 55 of the field winding.

In order to prevent the generation of a rotational electromotive force in the short circnited coil 55, it is necessary that the coil sides a and 7) thereof pass through a re gion of zero flux during the time that the coil is being commutated. I propose, therefore, to establish, in the field winding, areas through which it is impossible for flux to thread and to so position these areas that. at the moment a predetermined armature coil is undergoing commutation, the coil sides of the latter will correspond thereto and, therefore, since the aforesaid coil sides are passing through regions of zero flux, no voltage will be generated therein on account of the rotation thereof. I establish such areas of zero flux by placing permanent .machines, I have assumed that the .ing 53.

While I have illustrated the short-circuited turns for the suppression of the rotational electromotive force as comprising short-circuited portions oi the hold windingitself, it is obvious that the slots in these regions may be made somewhat deeper and a separate turn placed therein.

Moreover, in all of the above-descubed winding is short circuited to kill the tux change therein, but I wish it understood that. the same end may be attained by placing a separate winding in the positions in dicated and arranging the auxiliary commutator to short circuit the same at predetermined periods.

While I have described but three modifications of my invention, I do not wish to be limited by the specific showings heretofore considered, inasmuch as I be ieve thatthe principle embodied in my invention is broadly new, and I desire, therefore. that the latter shall be limited only by the showing of the prior art or by the scope oi? the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In combination, a dynamo-electric ma chine embodying a commutated winding and field windings and means for opposing a change of flux in a field winding during the period of short-circuit of a portion of the commutated winding which embraces substantially the same field-flux as said field ind 2. In combination, a dynamo-electric machine embodying a commutated winding and field windings and means for short-circuiting a field winding during the period of short -circuit of a portion of the commutated winding which is influenced by the flux linkage through said field winding.

3. In combination. an alternating-current. dynamo-electric machine embodying a commutated winding and field windings. and means for keeping constant the flu); through aportion 01 the field winding while the commutatedwinding influenced by that flux is undergoing commutation.

4. 'In combination. an alternsiting-current dynamoelectric machine embodying a mutated Wi ding and field windings, and

1 ass L10 .5.

means for fjll 1t-ll(3t1lti11g a portion of the field winding while the commutated winding influenced by said portion of the field winding is undergoing commutation.

5. In combination. an alternating-current dynanm-electric machine embodying a commutated winding and field windings, and means for establishing a shunt path around that portion of the field winding which is influencing the part of the commutator winding undergoing commutation.

6. In combination, an alternating-current dynamo-electric machine embodying a commutated winding and field windings, and means adapted to establish a shunt path around that portion of the field winding which is influencing the portion of commutated winding undergoing commutation during substantially the same period that said commutating winding portion is shortcircuited.

7. A dynamo-electric machine embodying field windings and an armature winding provided with commutator segments and brushes bearing thereupon, the dimensions of each brush being; such that not more than two commutator segments may be bridged thereby. and means for shoit cirouiting predetermined portions of the field winding when an armature coil is short circuited by one of said brushes.

8. i dynamo-electric machine embodying field windings and a rotatable armature winding provided with a commutator, and means for short-oircuiting a portion of the field winding while the armature coils influenced thereby are being commutated, said means being governed by the rotation of said commutator.

9. i dynmun-electric machine embodying field windings and a rotatable armature winding c: isinp; a plurality of coils, comnuitator s .gments to which said coils are connected. n'ienns whereby but one oi said armature coils short circuited at once. and means whereby that portion of the field windingtending to establish a transformer elcctrou'ioliive force in said short-circuitei'l armature coil is short circuited.

l0. dynnine-electric machine embodyfi ld windings and a rotatable armawindiun comprising a plurality of coils, comm itor segments to which said. coils are cminccted. brushes severally o'l less width than that oit one ot' said segments, said armature coils being so adjusted that not more than two commutator segments are short-circuited at any one time, and means whereby that portion of the field winding tendi to establ'sh a transformer electromotive iorce in said short-oircuited armature coil is short-circuited.

11. A ClTIlllllO-Ql@(tilC machine embodying field ndings and a rotatable armature winding comprising plurality of coils;

comn'iutator segments to whicl said coils are connected. means whereby but one of said armature coils is short circuited at once, and contactor means so synchronized with the brush and commutator segment positioning that the portion ot the hold winding tending to establish a transformer electromotive force in said short-circuited armature coil is short-circuited.

12. A dynamo-electric machine embodying lield. windings and a rotatable armature winding comprising a plurality of coils, comn'iutator segments to which said coils are connected, brushes severally of less width than that of one of said segments, said brushes being so positioned with respect to said comnmtator segments that but two o t the latter are short-circuited at any one instant, an auxiliary commutator mounted to rotate in predetermined tiXed relation to said arn'iature winding, and means whereby said auxiliary connnutator operats to establish a shunt path around the field winding which is influencing the portion of the armature which is short-circuited by the bridging of said main commutator segments.

13. A dynamo-electric machine embodying field windings and a rotatable armature winding comprising a plurality of coils, segments ot a commutator, brushes to which said coils are connected seYera-lly of less width than that of one of said segments, said brushes being so positioned with respect to said commutator segments that but two of the latter are short-circuited at any one in stant, an auxiliary commutator mounted to rotate in predetermined fixed relation to said armature winding, means whereby said auxiliary commutator operates to establish a shunt path around the field winding which is influencing the portion of. the armature which is short-circuited by the bridging of said main commutator segments, and sparksuppressing means associated with the said auxiliary commutator and said fieldwind ing-shunting means.

14. An alternating current machine embodying 'lield windings, a relatively rotatab e armature winding. main commutator member associated with said armature winding. said Field windings including wind ings baring sl'iort-circuiting circuits. and means including an auxiliary commutator member tor controlling said short-circuiting circuits.

1,5. In combination with an altermrtiugcurrent machine embodying a commutator. an auxiliary commutator associated therewith. means con'iprising sbortcircuiting connections tor transterring the sparking teudency to said auxiliary commutator. sparlv suppressing means associated with the antiliary commutator, and means whereby the portion of the commutatormachine field winding which is embraced by a short-air cuited armature coil thercol is short-circuitcd at the instant the latter is undergoing commutation.

l6. A. l \'7IlllllO-Clm'tllt? machine embodying a commutator comprising a pluralityof segments, brushes so disposed with respect to said segments that not more than two thereof are short-circuited at any one time and 'lurther so arranged that they progressively operate to so short-circnit the seg; ments.

1?. A dynamo-electric machine embodying field windings, an armature winding connected to commutator segments, brushes bearing thereupon, and means associated with said iield wimling whereby the coil sides ol said armature winding during the short-oircuiting oi a portion thereof by one oi said brushes, are lin'erented :irom generating an electromotivc force.

18. A dynamo-electric machine embodying lield windings, an armature windin commutator segments to which said winding is connected, brushes bearing upon said segments, and intermittently operating means tor camping out the lield flux which would normally thread the coil sides of the portion of the armature winding undergoing comimitation.

19. A. dynamo-electric machine embodying field windings, an armature winding, commutator seginents to which said winding is connected, brushes bearing upon said segments, means for causing the coil sides of that portion of the armature winding undergoing commutation to be disposed in a band o't zero llux during the time oi shortcircuiting, and means for rendering constant the entire flux in the field portion embraced by the short-circuited commutator coil, during the same time.

20. A dynamoelectric machine embodying field windings, an armature winding, commutator segments to which said winding is connected. brushes bearing upon said segments, and means. comprising a short-circuited turn as ociated with said lield winding. for damping out the field flux which would normally thrca l the coil sides of the ortion of the arn'mlurc winding undergoing commutation.

Zl. dynamo-electrir' machin embody ing licld windings. an armature winding. c 1 mn|utator sogmmits to which said winding is connected. brushes bearing upon said. seg ments, and n'icans comprising shortcircuited turns associated with said field winding. said turns being so positioned that they embrace the flux band which no anally threads the coil sides oi the armature winding undergoing commutation. hereby said coil s de are iueliectirc in generz'lting an electromotive torce. 7

29.. l}]1911]()-8l -ftli(' machine embodying a winding, commutator segments to which said winding is connected, and a plurality of brushes so related to said winding that;

.onlyone brush short circuits a portion of the winding at any one instant.

241:. In an alternatmgcurrent dynamo- .QlGCtIflC machine embodying a commutated armature winding and field windings, the

method. o'f'eliminating the transformer elec- :tro-motive force in the armature winding undergoing commutation whleh consists in reducing to zero the flux change in that portion of the field winding which embraces said armature winding undergoing commutation.

In an alternating-current dynamoelectric machine .-embo'dy1ng a cominutated armature winding and field windings, the

.inethod of eliminating'the transformer and rotational electromotive tforces in the armature winding undergoing commutation which consistsin reducing to zero the flux change in thatportion of thefield winding which embraces said armature winding undergoing commutation and, at the same time, positioning the coil side of said armature winding in a region of Zero flux.

26. In an alternating-current dynamoelectric machine embodying a commutated armature winding and field windings. the method of eliminating the transformer electro-motive forces in the armature winding undergoing commutation which consists in reducing to zero the flux change through said armature coil, irrespective of the relative speed of said windings.

27. An alternating current dynamo-electric machine aggregate embodying aplurality of commutated armature winding circuits connected in series, field windings for said armature winding circuits, respectively, said field windings being connected in series circuit relation, said commutated armature winding circuits being so related that the coils thereof undergo commutation at different times. and means for providing a shunt path around that portion of a field winding which is influencing the commutating winding coil undergoing commutation during substantially the same period that said commutating winding coil is short-circuited.

28. An alternating current dynamo-electric machine aggregate embodying a plurality of cominutated armature winding circuits. and field windings for said armature winding circuits, said commutated armature winding circuit-s being so related that the coils thereof undergo cons gn 'on. dif tar et times 29. An alternating current dynamo-electric machine aggregate embodying a plurality of commutated armature winding circuits, field windings for said armature winding circuits, said commutated armature winding circuits being so related that the coils thereof undergo commutation at different times, and means for providing a shunt path around that portion ofa .iield winding which is influencing the commutating winding coil undergoing commutation during substantially the same period that said commutating winding coil is short-circuited.

30 An alternating current dynamo-electric machine aggregate embodying a plurality of con'iuiutated armature winding circuits connected in series. field windings for said armature winding circuits, respectively, said commutated armature winding circuits being so related that the coils thereof undergo commutation at different times, and means associated with each field winding for keeping constant the flux through a portion of the field winding while the commutated winding influenced by that flux is undergoing commutation.

81. An alternating current dynamo-elem tric machine aggregate embodying a plurality of cominutated armature winding circuits, field windings for said armature winding circuits, respectively, said field windings being connected in series circuit relation. said commutated armature winding circuits being so related that the coils there of undergo commutation at different times, and means for providing a shunt path around that portion of a field winding which is influencing the commutating winding coil undergoing commutation during substantially the same period that said commutating winding coil is short-circuited.

An alternating current dynamo-electric machine aggregate embodying a plurality of commutated armature winding circuits connected in series. exciting field windings for said armature winding circuits, respectively, said field windings being connected in series circuit relation, said commutated armature winding circuits being so related that the coils thereof undergo commutation at different times, and commutatiug means for shortcircuiting the exciting field winding of each of said armature wind ing circuits during the periods of time when the armature coils thereof are undergoing commutation.

An alternating current dynamo-elec tric machine aggregate embodying plurality of commutated armature winding circnits connected in series, exciting field windings for said armature winding circuits, respectively, said commutated armature winding circuits being so related that the coils th r of emerge 00 flirt tion different times, and commutating means for short-circuiting the exciting field winding of each of said armature winding circuits during the periods of time When the armature coils thereof are undergoing commutation.

34:, An alternating current dynamo-electric machine aggregate embodying a pluralvity of commutated armature Winding circuits, exciting field windings "for said armature Winding circuits, respectively, said field windings being connected in series circuit relation, said commutated armature Winding circuits being so related that the coils thereof undergo commutation at dil'l'erent times, and commutating means for short-circuiting the exciting field winding oi each of said armature Winding circuits during the periods of time when the armature coils thereof are undergoing commutation.

35. In combination, a ternating-eurrent dynamo-electric machine embodying a commutated armature Winding, said armature Winding having its respective coils undergoing commutation during only a portion of the time, a field Winding embracing substantially the same flux as the armature Winding coils undergoing commutation, and means for keeping constant the flux through :said field Winding during the periods in which said coils are undergoing commutation.

256. In combination, an alternating-current dynamo-electric machine embodying a commutated armature winding, said armatur Winding having its respeciive coils undergoing commutation during only a portion of the time, a lield Winding embracing substantially the same flux as the armature Winding coils undergoing commutation, and commutating means for close-circuiting said .lield Winding during the periods in which aid coils are undergoing commutation.

37. In combination, analternatingcurrent machine embodying a commutated armature winding, an exciting lield Winding, said arii'iaiiure \i'imliiig having its respective coils undergoing commutation during only a portion of the time, and means for close-circuiting said field Winding during the periods in \i'hich said coils are undergoing commutation.

in testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 8th day of- Decem- J81, 1919.

JOSEPH SLEPIAN. 

